The Sections of the book are • Section 1: Progress in health traces the sources of inequalities in health in the region. It shows that we need to address inequality if economic growth is to lead to poverty reduction. • Section 2: Reclaiming the economic resources for health maps the outflow of resources from Africa, and examines options to reclaim control over resources for health in areas such as food security and access to medicines. • Section 3: Building universal, comprehensive people centred health systems shows the ways in which health systems can make a difference, particularly for those with greatest health needs, and presents lessons learned from primary health care and from the roll-out of prevention and treatment for HIV and AIDS. • Section 4: Fair financing of health systems explores ways in which we can fairly mobilize and allocate domestic resources for health systems, what that implies for the management of international resources, and how we can avoid financial barriers to services for poor people with the greatest need. • Section 5: Valuing and reclaiming investments in health workers describes the outflow of health workers from vital health services and discusses the policies and measures to involve, value and retain health workers in the region. • Section 6: Organising people-centred health systems points to the many ways health systems can act to empower people, stimulate social action and build alliances to promote equity-oriented health systems. • Section 7: Taking action to reclaim the resources for health summarises the policy messages presented and proposes that we monitor targets and indicators of key dimensions of health equity, to review progress, inform health planning and make health equity issues more visible in national planning.