To promote policies for equity in health HEPS-Uganda, Makerere University Institute of Public Health with EQUINET organised a National Meeting on equity in health in Uganda in March 2008. The meeting reviewed the body of work taking place in Uganda within government, academic and civil society institutions to explore, understand and propose options for reducing inequalities in health in Uganda. The meeting provided an opportunity to exchange evidence, strengthen networking in Uganda, and feed experience into regional networking. The report outlines the papers nd the deliberations. The meeting set up a task force that would take the work forward within key areas of focus, including fair financing; trade and health; health rights and governance and protection of vulnerable groups. HEPS and Makarere University Institute of Public Health are co-ordinating the task force. It was proposed that a follow up national meeting be held in a year to review issues and work.
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The manual is intended for use by researchers in preparing papers, in writer’s training workshops; and will be updated in later editions with additional areas of writing skills. This edition of the manual is a guide to producing scientific reports, peer-reviewed articles, EQUINET policy and discussion papers, briefs and reports. It is intended for those involved in EQUINET and related research programmes to prepare papers for publication in reports, papers and in peer-reviewed, scientific journals; to communicate work on health equity; to understand and work with peer review processes; and to improve writing skills generally, including for meeting reports.
This work was implemented as part of a multi-country programme exploring different dimensions of participatory approaches to people centred health systems in east and southern Africa. The process included participatory workshops with twenty-four health workers to increase their understanding of Community Health Committees (CHCs) and to support the CHCs more effectively in future. Three-day Participatory Reflection and Action (PRA) workshops with representatives from Community Health Committees and key stakeholders, and provided an opportunity for health workers to discuss the roles and mapping of neighbourhoods surrounding the health facilities provided an important opportunity for exploring the similarities and differences in the challenges and resources available to the local communities. The post-test survey showed that the community became aware of the important role and function that committees play but were less satisfied with the functioning of the CHCs based on new understanding from the PRA work, while health workers developed more awareness of the CHCs, their potential and limitations. This was agreed to be the start of a process. While PRA supports communities to know and artculate their needs and actions for these, more needs to be done to ensure sustainability of the process.
The study reviewed existing literature, and held focus group discussions and interviews with key informants to examine the contribution of the AIDS levy in Zimbabwe to national health financing. Two provinces were randomly sampled for the in-depth assessment of spending on AIDS levy. The study revealed that the contribution of the AIDS levy has so far been relatively low and undermined by inflation, with inequities in the allocation of funds by province in relation to HIV prevalence. The provincial and district levels, where most patient care takes place, are severely under-funded. If inflation is controlled for, the study concludes that the AIDS levy is a noble idea but that improvements are needed in the allocation of resources.
This participatory action research project aimed to explore and strengthen the community’s capacity to recognise and advocate for their mental health needs, to increase the awareness of mental health problems among the community and to increase collaboration between the mental health workers from clinic and hospital level and the community in the management of mental health problems in the community. Both health workers and community identified exclusion, isolation and poor control over life, associated with risks and a poor physical state, as features of mental ill health. The Kariobangi community was felt to experience high levels of mental ill health, with poverty a major contributing factor. The major mental disorders identified were depression, stress, poverty, lack of awareness, drugs/substance abuse, lack of essential services (mental health services), mental retardation and epilepsy. The intervention is still at an early stage, but the evidence suggests that the PRA approach has strengthened community roles and interaction with health workers in improving mental health care in an underserved community.
We used participatory approaches to facilitate a programme of work aimed at: * Improving communication and understanding between HIV positive clients and the HIV clinic personnel in HIV clinics; Raising HIV positive clients’ voices and participation in improving the HIV clinic services in the division; Promoting networking to overcome isolation, increasing exchange and co-operation through conducting; Participatory approaches, while challenging and time intensive, were perceived by health workers, clients and the facilitators to be a powerful means to enhancing communication, overcoming power imbalances that are barriers to good health or effective use of services and to encouraging the sustainable, “bottom up” community involvement on health visioned in Kenya health policy documents. Real changes were made to make the services more client-friendly, including installed suggestion box, re-streamlined queuing and filling system, taking of vital signs, interpreter involvement, and ordering of bulk drug supply, while clients formed a network that would sustain the communication and reduce social isolation of PLWHIV.
This poster presentation at the Global Health Worker Alliance Conference, March 2008, is based on a study that aimed to determine and assess the impacts of incentives instituted by the Zimbabwe government and non-government sector to retain Critical Health Professionals. It found that the tendency of health professionals to migrate has increased, even among low levels of staff and the macro-economic environment is the main driver of megration. Sustaining the retention incentives in this environment seems unattainable and bonding is unpopular and further increases migration.
The workshop is the third in a series run by TARSC and Ifakara on participatory reflection and action (PRA) methods in health, using a toolkit developed by TARSC and Ifakara in EQUINET, with support from IDRC and SIDA and peer review by CHESSORE Zambia. The PRA training focus in 2008 was on strengthening equitable primary health care responses to HIV and AIDS. The 2008 training aimed to build understanding of PRA approaches and their use in strengthening people centred health systems, particularly community focused and PHC oriented HIV and AIDS interventions. The workshop aimed to draw on experiences in the east and southern African region for strengthening community focused and PHC oriented HIV and AIDS interventions; work through practical examples of PRA approaches and their application in areas of work that participants are practically involved with at community level; provide initial mentoring and support to development of research and training proposals for EQUINET support on equitable, community driven responses.
The Kamwenge Community Empowerment and Participation in Maternal Health Project aimed to contribute to the improvement of the health of expectant mothers in Kamwenge Sub-county, Kamwenge District. We aimed, through the use of PRA approaches, to increase demand for, access to and utilisation of maternal health services by expectant mothers. Using various PRA tools the project team worked with the community to prioritise, act and follow up on the most critical barriers to maternal health at the three levels – health service, community and household. While a comparison of questionnaires before and after the intervention suggested that maternal health problems remained high and many barriers to access services persisted, positive change was perceived in ease of access to and affordability of services, in communication between community and health workers and the respect shown by health workers, in the support given by health workers and families, and in awareness and action on maternal health in the community. The strongest positive changes were noted in the communication between health workers and pregnant women, and this seemed to be the area of greatest impact of the intervention.
This participatory action research project aimed to explore and strengthen the community’s capacity to recognise and advocate for their mental health needs, to increase the awareness of mental health problems among the community and to increase collaboration between the mental health workers from clinic and hospital level and the community in the management of mental health problems in the community. Both health workers and community identified exclusion, isolation and poor control over life, associated with risks and a poor physical state, as features of mental ill health. The Kariobangi community was felt to experience high levels of mental ill health, with poverty a major contributing factor. The major mental disorders identified were depression, stress, poverty, lack of awareness, drugs/substance abuse, lack of essential services (mental health services), mental retardation and epilepsy. The intervention is still at an early stage, but the evidence suggests that the PRA approach has strengthened community roles and interaction with health workers in improving mental health care in an underserved community.